Root Mean Square Velocity Equation:
From: | To: |
The root mean square (RMS) velocity is the square root of the average of the squares of the velocities of individual molecules in a gas. It's a measure of the speed of particles in a gas at a given temperature.
The calculator uses the RMS velocity equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation shows that RMS velocity increases with temperature and decreases with molecular mass.
Details: RMS velocity is important in kinetic theory of gases, helping predict gas behavior, diffusion rates, and understanding phenomena like effusion and Graham's law.
Tips: Enter temperature in Kelvin and molecular mass in kilograms. For molecular mass, you may need to convert from atomic mass units (1 u = 1.660539 × 10-27 kg).
Q1: How is RMS velocity different from average velocity?
A: RMS velocity is slightly higher than average velocity because it gives more weight to higher velocities when squaring the values.
Q2: What are typical RMS velocities for gases?
A: At room temperature (298 K), oxygen molecules have RMS velocity of about 480 m/s, while hydrogen molecules move at about 1920 m/s.
Q3: Why does temperature need to be in Kelvin?
A: The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale where 0 K represents absolute zero, making it necessary for kinetic energy calculations.
Q4: Does this equation work for all gases?
A: The equation is valid for ideal gases under normal conditions. For real gases at high pressures or low temperatures, corrections may be needed.
Q5: How does RMS velocity relate to sound speed?
A: The speed of sound in a gas is proportional to the RMS velocity of the gas molecules, typically about 60-75% of the RMS velocity.